C# has several numeric types, including natural, real, and irrational numbers. One numeric type that's missing is a Rational number. A rational number, as the name suggests is a ratio between 2 natural numbers and is usually represented as a fraction in the form 1/2, 5/4, -79/13, etc.

Create a C# struct with a constructor that takes two integer parameters, either or both of which may be positive or negative. Include two read-only properties, Numerator and Denominator, that return the numerator and denominator of the fraction respectively of type int. Also, override the ToString() method to give a string representation of the rational number as described in the preceding paragraph.

Examples

var r1 = new Rational(1, 2);
r1.Numerator ➞ 1
r1.Denominator ➞ 2
r1.ToString() ➞ "1/2"

var r2 = new Rational(10, 8);
r2.Numerator ➞ 5
r2.Denominator ➞ 4
r2.ToString() ➞ "5/4"

var r3 = new Rational(2, -1);
r3.Numerator ➞ -2
r3.Denominator ➞ 1
r3.ToString() ➞ "-2"

var r4 = new Rational(-16, -64);
r4.Numerator ➞ 1
r4.Denominator ➞ 4
r4.ToString() ➞ "1/4"

Notes

• The numerator may be zero, but if the denominator is zero an ArgumentException should be raised by the constructor function.
• The Numerator and Denominator values should be reduced to their lowest possible integer values to maintain the ratio (examples r2 and r4 above).
• If the resulting fraction is a whole number, the Denominator should return 1 but the ToString() method should only show the integer value (example r3 above).
• If one of the values of numerator and denominator is negative, the sign is shown on the Numerator and the Denominator is positive (example r3 above).
• If both the numerator and denominator are negative, the fraction is positive and both Numerator and Denominator are positive (example r4 above).
• If the numerator is zero, the denominator should be set to 1, regardless of the value passed to the constructor.

Parts 2 and 3

Parts 2 and 3 of this series will build on the Rational struct developed here to include arithmetical operations, comparison operators, and conversion to and from other numeric types. They can be found here.